Comparison between tension band and cerclage with X-Plate and lag screws in treatment of comminuted patellar fractures

BackgroundComminuted patellar fractures are not rare, and the ideal treatment method remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects and compare complications of two different methods used to treat comminuted patellar fractures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to August 2016, 102 cases of 34-C2 or 34-C3 comminuted patellar fractures were treated at our hospital, wherein patients received two different treatments: titanium cable tension band with cerclage method (group A) and intrafragmentary screws with X-shaped plating technique (group B). At follow-ups, articular step-off, range of motion (ROM), Lysholm scores, time of union, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Radiographic and clinical data as well as rate of complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 87 patients were included in the final analysis (n = 47 in group A and n = 40 in group B). No significant differences were noted in terms of cost of implant, age, gender, rate of 34-C3 fractures, rate of layered inferior pole fractures, postoperative articular step-off and union time. At 2-year follow-up, average Lysholm scores, ROM and rate of complications were (89.0 ± 4.5), (122°±12°) and (27.7%) in group A and (90.2 ± 3.9), (124°±11°) and (17.5%) in group B, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The mean time of surgery in group B was shorter than that in group A with significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment using the intrafragmentary screws and plate method for amenable comminuted patellar fractures achieved similar complication rate and favorable functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, which was comparable to the titanium cable tension band with cerclage method. Thus, the intrafragmentary screws and plate method is effective, safe and convenient for 34-C2/C3 comminuted patellar fractures, especially appropriate for patients with layered fragments.     

特发性颈椎后凸畸形的手术治疗

目的 :明确颈椎前路手术治疗特发性颈椎后凸畸形的可行性和局限性。方法 :本文对 14例颈椎特发性后凸畸形患者采取手术方法进行治疗 ,所有患者均采用颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压 ,椎间隙植骨和前路钢板内固定。结果 :手术后患者临床体征明显改善 ,颈椎后凸畸形由手术前平均 -15 6°矫正为手术后平均 -6 4° ,矫正效果明显 ;手术后患者的短期随访表明颈椎矫正度数在随访中没有丢失。结论 :前路手术 ,延长颈椎前柱能够矫正颈椎的后凸畸形 ,改善临床症状和体征     

腰椎间盘突出症术后下腰痛及再突出的临床分析

[目的]探讨腰椎间盘摘除术后下腰痛以及腰椎间盘再突出的情况。[方法]在采用后路腰椎板开窗突出椎间盘摘除手术的患者中，随机选择200例，对其中获得5a以上随访的84例患者进行回顾性分析，对手术前后下腰痛JOA评分以及影像学结果进行统计处理。[结果]（1）79．8％的患者残留下腰痛，其中14．3％患者存在严重的下腰痛（JOA 1），75％的严重下腰痛患者在35岁以下；（2）13例患者行二次手术，其中12例为腰椎间盘再突出，1例为腰椎不稳，13例患者中主要是50岁以下的成年男性。[结论]年轻患者更易发生严重的下腰痛以及腰椎间盘再突出，在年轻患者首次手术时可以根据情况适当考虑脊柱融合。     

A clinical calculator for predicting intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in spine tumor patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXTSurgery for vertebral column tumors is commonly associated with intraoperative blood loss (IOBL) exceeding 2 liters and the need for transfusion of allogeneic blood products. Transfusion of allogeneic blood, while necessary, is not benign, and has been associated with increased rates of wound complication, venous thromboembolism, delirium, and death.PURPOSETo develop a prediction tool capable of predicting IOBL and risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing surgery for vertebral column tumors.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective, single-center study.PATIENT SAMPLEConsecutive series of 274 patients undergoing 350 unique operations for primary or metastatic spinal column tumors over a 46-month period at a comprehensive cancer centerOUTCOME MEASURESIOBL (in mL), use of intraoperative blood products, and intraoperative blood products transfused.METHODSWe identified IOBL and transfusions, along with demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, and surgical procedures performed. Independent predictors of IOBL and transfusion risk were identified using multivariable regression.RESULTSMean age at surgery was 57.0±13.6 years, 53.1% were male, and 67.1% were treated for metastatic lesions. Independent predictors of IOBL included en bloc resection (p<.001), surgical invasiveness (β=25.43 per point; p<0.001), and preoperative albumin (β=?244.86 per g/dL; p=0.011). Predictors of transfusion risk included preoperative hematocrit (odds ratio [OR]=0.88 per %; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.84, 0.93]; p<0.001), preoperative MCHgb (OR=0.88 per pg; 95% CI [0.78, 1.00]; p=0.048), preoperative red cell distribution width (OR=1.32 per %; 95% CI [1.13, 1.55]; p<0.001), en bloc resection (OR=3.17; 95%CI [1.33, 7.54]; p=0.009), and surgical invasiveness (OR=1.08 per point; [1.06; 1.11]; p<0.001). The transfusion model showed a good fit of the data with an optimism-corrected area under the curve of 0.819. A freely available, web-based calculator was developed for the transfusion risk model (https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/TRUST/).CONCLUSIONSHere we present the first clinical calculator for intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in patients being treated for primary or metastatic vertebral column tumors. Surgical invasiveness and preoperative microcytic anemia most strongly predict transfusion risk. The resultant calculators may prove clinically useful for surgeons counseling patients about their individual risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion.     

Representative dynamic ranges of spinal alignment during gait in patients with mild and severe adult spinal deformities

BACKGROUND CONTEXTSurgical correction strategies for adult spinal deformity (ASD) relies heavily on radiographic alignment goals, however, there is often debate regarding degree of correction and how static alignment translates to physical ability in daily life. Kinematic analysis has the potential to improve the concept of ideal spinal alignment by providing clinically meaningful estimates of dynamic changes in spinal alignment during activities of daily life.PURPOSEEstimate representative dynamic ranges of spinal alignment during gait among ASD patients using 3D motion tracking; compare dynamic alignment between mild and severe deformity patients and to healthy adults.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective review at a single institution.PATIENT SAMPLEFifty-two ASD patients and 46 healthy adults.OUTCOME MEASURESRadiographic alignment, kinematic spine motion, spatiotemporal gait measures, patient reported outcomes (VAS pain, ODI, SRS-22r).METHODSSpinal alignment was assessed radiographically and during standing and overground walking tests. Dynamic alignment was initialized by linking radiographic alignment to kinematic alignment during standing and at initial heel contact during gait. Dynamic changes in maximums and minimums during gait were made relative to initial heel contact for each gait cycle. Total range-of-motion (RoM) was measured for both ASD and healthy subjects. Dynamic alignment measures included coronal and sagittal vertical axes (CVA, SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), lumbar lordosis (LL), and pelvic tilt (PT). ASD patient's deformities were classified as either Mild or Severe based on the SRS-Schwab ASD classification.RESULTSSevere ASD patients had significantly larger dynamic maximum and minimums for SVA, TPA, LL, and PT (all p<.05) compared with Mild ASD patients. ASD patients exhibited little difference in dynamic alignment compared with healthy subjects. Only PT had a significant difference in dynamic RoM compared with healthy (p<.001).CONCLUSIONSMild and Severe ASD patients exhibited similar global dynamic alignment measures during gait and had comparable RoM to healthy subjects except with greater PT and reduced spatiotemporal performance which may be key compensatory mechanisms for dynamic stabilization.     

微创手术与传统开放手术治疗脊柱转移癌的效果比较

目的 比较微创手术与传统开放手术治疗脊柱转移癌的临床疗效.方法 2017年12月—2019年6月,海军军医大学长征医院收治胸腰椎转移癌患者72例,采用随机数字表法分为2组,其中36例采用微创手术治疗(微创组),36例采用传统开放手术治疗(开放组).采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估患者疼痛缓解情况,采用Frankel分级评估患者神经功能恢复情况.比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况.结果 所有手术顺利完成.所有患者随访6～26个月,平均16个月.2组术后各时间点VAS评分、Frankel分级均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).微创组术后3、7 d VAS评分低于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术后1个月及末次随访时VAS评分、Frankel分级差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组手术时间、术后CRP水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).微创组术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况均优于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 微创手术治疗脊柱转移癌安全有效,可获得与传统开放手术相似的治疗效果,且具有手术创伤小,并发症少,恢复时间短等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶防治猕猴脑脊液漏★

背景:前期研究表明羟丁基几丁糖具有良好的生物相容性及极低的细胞毒性,同时具有良好的生物降解性。目的:探讨羟丁基几丁糖凝胶防止术后脑脊液漏的可行性。方法:首先利用流变仪和动态力学实验仪检测1.5%,2.0%,3.0%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶的力学强度及耐疲劳性质,同时测定各浓度温敏性羟丁基几丁糖的凝胶时间。将10只猕猴随机分为实验组与对照组,均制作脑脊液渗漏模型,实验组采用1.5%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶封堵,对照组未采用任何材料封堵。结果与结论:1.5%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖的凝胶时间为(70±4)s,承受的最大压力为50.3-60.1kPa,并且在疲劳实验和频率扫描实验中呈现出良好的稳定性;2.0%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶的凝胶时间为(45±3)s,承受的最大压力为70.6-122.5kPa,在频率扫描中呈现了较好的稳定性;3.0%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶的凝胶时间为(26±2)s,承受的最大压力为77.8-104.7kPa,频率扫描呈现了较好的稳定性。但后两者的疲劳实验未达实验要求。脑脊液渗漏封堵实验中,实验组封堵率为100%,对照组无封堵效果,表明1.5%温敏性羟丁基几丁糖凝胶可防止猕猴脑脊液漏。